Our research group conducts ongoing physiological education research.  Our primary research interest is developing and assessing new and innovative instructional methods that improve student conceptual understandings of principles of physiology.  These methods include but are not limited to a) the impact of small group problem solving in courses with large enrollments; b) understanding teaching pedagogical methods improve learning for students of all backgrounds and levels of preparation; c) Developing innovative case studies that improve student long term retention of physiological concepts at the undergraduate and professional school level.